Craniosynostosis occurs when the skull sutures close prematurely, resulting in abnormal head shapes and restricted brain growth. This may lead to raised intracranial pressure, cognitive impairment and neurological symptoms (e.g., seizures).
Presentation
The main presenting feature is an abnormal head shape, depending on the affected cranial suture.
| Type of Synostosis | Affected Suture | Head Shape |
| Sagittal Synostosis | Sagittal suture | Long and narrow from front to back |
| Coronal Synostosis | Coronal suture | Ipsilateral forehead flattening
Contralateral frontal bulging |
| Metopic Synostosis | Metopic suture | Pointy triangular forehead |
| Lambdoid Synostosis | Lambdoid suture | Flattening on one side of the occiput
Bulging behind the ear on the same side |
Investigations
Specialist referral is required for assessment and investigations. Investigations include:
- Skull x-ray
- Low-dose CT with 3D images (gold standard)
Management
Mild cases may be monitored and followed up over time.
More severe cases require surgical reconstruction of the skull.
The prognosis is usually good with proper management.
Last updated January 2026
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