Hypospadias is a congenital condition affecting males from birth, where the urethral meatus (the opening of the urethra) is abnormally displaced to the ventral side (underside) of the penis, towards the scrotum. Usually, the foreskin is abnormally formed to match the position of the meatus. It is usually detected during the routine baby checks.
In most cases, the urethral opening is towards the bottom of the glans. Less commonly, it may be halfway down the shaft or even at the base of the penis.
Hypospadias may be associated with a condition called chordee, where the penis curves ventrally (downwards).
Epispadias is where the urethral meatus is displaced to the dorsal side (top side) of the penis. This is less common.
Management
Hypospadias requires referral to a paediatric urologist. Mild cases may not require any treatment.
Surgery may be required in more significant cases. The aim is to correct the position of the meatus and straighten the penis. It is usually performed at 6-18 months of age.
Circumcision needs to be avoided until after having specialist input.
Complications
- Difficulty directing urination
- Cosmetic and psychological concerns
- Sexual dysfunction
Last updated April 2025
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